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RELATED LINKS: Map of Gaul 100 BC Map of Europe's Tribes
Kingdoms of Europe from Gaul to the Russias, and Scandinavia to the Balkan, Iberian, & Italian peninsulas
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EARLY CULTURES
Specific Groups:
Early Cultures (Index)
Early Cultures in Europe
Indo-Europeans (Maps)
Turkics
Specific Regions:
Cyprus - Early Cultures
Poland - Early Cultures
Fenno-Scandinavia
Cyprus - Late Bronze Period
BARBARIAN EUROPE
Balkans Tribes:
Awaiting development
Baltics Tribes:
Baltics Tribes (Index)
Celtic Tribes:
Celtic Tribes in Europe (Index)
Celtic Tribes in Britain (Index)
Celtic Tribes in Iberia (awaiting development)
Central European Tribes:
Germanic Tribes:
Germanic Tribes (Index)
Iberian/Aquitani Tribes:
Italic Tribes:
Italic Tribes (Index)
Other Tribes:
Alauni
Avars
Gerrians
Roxolani
Scythians (Map)
Slavic Tribes:
Slavic Tribes (Index)
Return to top ^
WESTERN EUROPE
Post-Roman Gaul:
Celtic Tribes of Gaul (Index)
Kingdom of Vannetais (Brittany)
Domain of Soissons
Kingdom of the Visigoths
France:
Salii / Salian Franks
Frankish Minor Kings
Merovingian Kings of the Franks
Breton March
Carolingian (Frankish) Empire
Carolingian Kings of Middle Franks (Italy)
Carolingian Kings of West Franks (France)
Carolingian Kings of East Franks (Germany)
Capetian Dynasty
Valois Dynasty
Bourbon Dynasty
French First Republic
French First Empire
Bourbon Restoration
French Second Republic
French Second Empire
French Republics
Heirs of Napoleon Bonaparte
RELATED LINKS: Map of Visigoth & Suevi Kingdoms in AD 470 Map of Frankish Kingdoms AD 481-511 Map of Frankish Kingdoms AD 511 Map of Frankish Empire AD 800 Map of Frankish Kingdoms AD 843
SPECIAL INDEX:
Churches of France An index of churches in various regions of France, beginning in the city of Paris.
IN DEPTH:
The Napoleonic Wars A chronology of the major events which shaped Europe between 1769-1821.
The McDonalds of the French Empire A young refugee from Culloden and his son, a marshal of France.
Merovingian Splinter States:
Kingdom of Austrasia (Rheims)
Kingdom of Orleans
Kingdom of Paris / Neustria
Kingdom of Burgundy
Duchy & Kingdom of Aquitaine
Carolingian Splinter States:
Kingdom of Aquitaine
Kingdom of (Upper) Burgundy
Duchy of (Lower) Burgundy
Duchy of Aquitaine / Guyenne
Kingdom of Lotharingia / Lorraine
Margraves And Counts of Flanders
Principality of Andorra
Duchy of Normandy
Duchy of Lorraine
Duchy of Upper Lorraine
Duchy of Lower Lorraine
Later French States:
Kingdom of French Navarre
Netherlands / Holland:
Pre-Roman Frisia
Frisian Folk Mothers
Kings of Frisia (Friso)
Kings of Frisia (Ubbo)
Kings of Frisia / Friesland (Offo)
Counts of Friesland (House of Fries)
Counts of West-Frisia (House of Holland)
Counts of Holland (House of Holland)
Counts of Holland-Hennegau (House of Avesnes)
Counts of Holland (House of Beiers)
Counts of Holland (House of Burgundy)
Counts of Holland (House of Habsburg)
Stadhouder Princes of Holland (Orange)
Stadhouder Princes of Holland (Orange-Nassau)
Kingdom of Holland (Bonapartes)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (Orange-Nassau)
Kings of the Belgians
Netherlands Churches An index of churches old and new in the south-eastern corner of the Netherlands.
Luxembourg:
County of Luxemburg
Duchy of Luxemburg
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
IBERIAN PENINSULA
Pre-Roman Spain:
Gadir (Cadiz)
Celtic Tribes of Iberia (Index)
Post-Roman & Islamic Spain:
Vandali Kingdom of Spain
Suevi Kingdom of Gallaecia
Umayyad / Omayyid Amirs of Spain
Umayyad / Omayyad Caliphs of Spain
Nasrid Kings of Granada
RELATED LINKS: Map of Visigoth & Suevi Kingdoms in AD 470
Christian Spain:
County of Barcelona
Christian Kingdom of Asturias & Galicia
Kingdom of Navarre / Nafarroa
Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Galicia
Kingdom of Leon
Kingdom of Aragon
United Spain:
Habsburg Dynasty
Savoy Dynasty / First Republic
Bourbon Dynasty (Restored)
Second Republic / Regency
Portugal:
(First) County of Oporto (House of Perez)
(Second) County of Portugal (Pre-Burgundy)
Kingdom of Portugal (House of Burgundy)
Kingdom of Portugal (House of Aviz)
Kingdom of Portugal (House of Habsburg)
Kingdom of Portugal (House of Braganza)
Modern Portugal
ITALIAN PENINSULA
Early Italy:
Corsica
Sardinia
Apennine Culture
Terramare Culture
Etruscans
Villanova Civilis
GALLERY FOCUS:
A map of Iron Age Italy between about 800-400 BC (click on image to view map on a separate page)
Iron Age Italy:
Italic Tribes of Italy (Index)
Celtic Tribes of Italy (Index)
Magna Graecia:
Syracuse
Rome:
Latin Kings of Alba Longa
Kingdom of Rome
Republic of Rome
Empire of Rome
Julian-Claudian Dynasty
Soldier Emperors
Flavians
Adoptive Emperors
Unassociated Emperors
Severans
Tetrarchs
Second Flavian Dynasty
Western Roman Empire
Gothic Kingdom of Italy
Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Post-Roman Italian Regions:
Naples
Savoy
Sicily
Post-Roman Italian States:
Republic of Venice
Vandali Governors of Sardinia
Medieval Corsica
Byzantine Sicily
Byzantine Sardinia
Exarchate of Ravenna
Byzantine Dukes of Neapolis
North Italian Kingdom of the Lombards
Independent Duchy of Benevento
Independent Duchy of Spoleto
Later Northern Italian States:
Lugano
Carolingian Kings of Middle Franks
Frankish Kings of Italy
Consuls & Senators of Rome
Counts of Savoy
Lombard League
Senatores of Rome
Lords of Milan
Duchy of Milan
Dukes of Savoy
Counts of Lugano (Sanseverino)
Dukes of Marsi (Colonna)
Counts of Lugano (Non-Dynastic)
RELATED LINKS: Map of Frankish Empire AD 800
Later Southern Italian States:
Independent Dukes of Naples
Principality of Benevento
Islamic Sicily
Giudici of Arborea (Sardinia)
Giudici of Cagliari (Sardinia)
Giudici of Gallura (Sardinia)
Giudici of Logudoro (Sardinia)
Emirate of Sicily (Kalbids)
Counts (Dukes) of Apulia
Counts of Sicily
Norman Kingdom of Naples & Sicily
Angevin Kingdom of Naples
Aragon Kingdom of Sicily
Genoese Corsica
Viceroys of Aragonese Sardinia
Aragon Kingdom of Naples & Sicily
Early Modern Italy:
Viceroys of Spanish Sardinia
Spanish Governors of the Duchy of Milan
Austrian Governors of the Duchy of Milan
Kings of Sardinia & Savoy
Viceroys of the Kingdom of Sardinia (Savoy)
Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Corsican Republic
French Corsica
Modern Italy:
Cispadane & Transpadane Republics of Italy
Cisalpine Republic of Italy
Italian Republic
Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
Kingdom of Italy (House of Savoy)
Modern Italy
Bishops of Rome / Popes (Catholic Church)
Byzantine Popes (Catholic Church)
Frankish Popes (Catholic Church)
Feudal Popes (Catholic Church)
Medieval Popes (Catholic Church)
Great Schism Popes (Catholic Church)
Renaissance Popes (Catholic Church)
Early Modern Popes (Catholic Church)
Modern Popes (Catholic Church)
CENTRAL EUROPE
Barbarian Tribes:
Celtic Tribes (Index)
Bavarii Confederation
Wends
Barbarian Kingdoms:
Kingdom of the Alemanni
Kingdom of the Burgundians
Old Saxony
Thuringians
Germanic States
RELATED LINKS: Map of Germany AD 962 Map of Confederation of German States 1815
German Empire:
East Francia
Holy Roman Empire
Frankish Roman Emperors
Germanic Roman Emperors
Saxon Holy Roman Emperors
Franconian Emperors
Hohenstaufen (Swabian) Emperors
Non-Dynastic Emperors
Habsburg Emperors (First Reich)
Frankish Stem Duchies:
Duchy of Bavaria (Welfs)
Duchy of Franconia
Duchy & Kingdom of Saxony (Ottonians)
Duchy of Swabia
Dukes of Thuringia
Austria:
Margraves of Austria (Regensburg)
Margraves of Austria (Babenberg)
Dukes of Austria (Zahringen)
Dukes of Austria (Przemyslid)
Dukes of Austria (Habsburg)
Archdukes of Austria (Habsburg)
Archdukes of Austria (Lorraine-Habsburg)
Emperors of Austria (Lorraine-Habsburg)
Modern Austria
Margraves of Styria
County of Tyrol
Baden:
Margraves of Baden
Margraves of Baden-Baden
Margraves of Baden-Durlach
Grand Dukes of Baden
Bavaria:
Bavarian Confederation
Duchy of Bavaria (Wittelsbachs)
Duchy of Bavaria (Palatinate Wittelsbachs)
Kingdom of Bavaria
Hereditary Kings of Bavaria
Bohemia / Moravia: Czech Republic / Slovakia:
Slav Kingdom in Carinthia, Hungary & Moravia
Kingdom of Great Moravia
Duchy of Bohemia-Moravia
Kingdom of Bohemia-Moravia
Kingdom of Bohemia (Luxembourg)
Kingdom of Bohemia (Non-Dynastic)
Modern Czech Republic & Slovakia
Brandenburg-Prussia:
Margraves of the North March
Margraves of Brandenburg (Ascanians)
Margraves of Brandenburg (Wittelsbachs)
Electors of Brandenburg (Wittelsbachs)
Electors of Brandenburg (Luxembourg)
Electors of Brandenburg (Hohenzollern)
Kingdom of Prussia
German Empire
German Republics
Modern Germany
Carinthia:
Principality of Khorushka / Carantania
Duchy of Carinthia (Non-Dynastic)
Duchy of Carinthia (Spontheim)
Duchy of Carinthia (Premyslid)
Duchy of Carinthia (Habsburg)
Duchy of Carinthia (Tirol)
Duchy of Carinthia (Habsburg Inner Austria)
Istria
Franconia:
County of Franconia
Hesse:
Landgraves of Hesse
Dukes of Hesse (1500)
Hessen-Marburg (1458)
Hessen-Kassel (1567)
Hessen-Marburg (1567)
Hessen-Rheinfels (1567)
Hessen-Darmstadt (1567)
Hessen-Butzbach (1596)
Hessen-Eschwege (1617)
Hessen-Homburg (1622)
Hessen-Braubach (1626)
Hessen-Rotenburg (1627)
Hessen-Philippsthal (1655)
Hessen-Darmstadt-Itter (1661)
Hessen-Rheinfels-Wanfried (1693)
Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1736)
Hessen-Kassel Kurfürsts (1803)
Hessen-Rumpenheim (1803)
Hessen-Darmstadt Grand Dukes (1806)
Hessen-Battenburg (1888)
Hereditary Heirs of Hessen-Kassel (1866)
Hereditary Heirs of Hesse-Darmstadt (1918)
Hereditary Heirs of Hesse (1968)
Liechtenstein / Vaduz:
County of Vaduz (Schellenberg)
County of Vaduz (Werdenberg)
County of Vaduz (Brandis)
County of Vaduz (Sulz)
Principality of Hohenems-Vaduz
Principality of Liechtenstein
Lippe:
County of Lippe
County of Lippe-Alverdissen
County of Lippe-Brake
County of Lippe-Detmold
County of Lippe-Schwalenberg
County of Sternberg-Schwalenberg
County of Lippe-Biesterfeld
County of Schaumburg-Lippe
County of Lippe-Weissenfeld
Principality of Lippe
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Hereditary Princes of Lippe
Nassau:
County of Nassau-Weilburg
County of Nassau-Dillenberg
Duchy of Nassau-Weilburg
Poland:
Western Polans
Duchy & Kingdom of Poland (Piast)
Kingdom of Poland (Anjou-Hungary)
Kingdom of Poland (Jagiellan)
Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania / Commonwealth
Grand Duchy of Warsaw
Polish Kingdom / Congress of Poland
Modern Poland
Galicia
Mazovia
Halychyna (Galicia) / Halych-Volynia
Beylerbeys of Podolia
Kingdom of Galicia & Lodomeria
Pomerania / Pommern
Duchy of Pomerania
Pomeranian Branches
Swantiborides of Pomerania
Churches of Poland An index of churches across the northern regions of this largely rural country.
Saxony:
Dukes of Saxony (Hattonids)
Duchy of Saxony (Billungs)
Duchy of Saxony (Supplinburg)
Duchy of Saxony (Welfs)
Duchy of Saxony (Ascanians)
Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
Duchy of Saxe-Molln-Bergedorf
Duchy of Saxe-Ratzeburg
Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg
Electorate of Saxony (Saxe-Wittenberg)
Electorate of Saxony (Wettins)
Electorate of Saxony (Saxe-Thuringen)
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Electorate of Saxony (Saxe-Meissen)
Kingdom of Saxony
Hereditary Kings of Saxony
Swabia:
Duchy of Alemannia
Switzerland
Thuringia:
Kingdom of Thuringia
Counts of Thuringia
Landgraves of Thuringia (Ludovingians)
Westphalia / Westfalia:
Kingdom of Westphalia
Württemburg:
County of Württemburg
Duchy of Württemburg
Kingdom of Württemburg
NORTHERN EUROPE
Scandinavia:
Denmark (Danes)
Kvenland
Norway
Sweden (Swedes)
Angeln (Angles)
Baeldaeg's Folk (Angles)
Benoc's Folk (Angles)
Caser's Folk (Angles)
Waegdaeg's Folk (Angles)
Wehta's Folk (Angles)
Geats (Yeats)
Jutes (Eudoses)
Petty Kingdoms of Scandinavia (Index)
Kingdom of Denmark
Kingdom of Norway
Kingdom of Sweden
RELATED LINKS: Map of Scandinavia AD 800 Map of Baltic Tribes AD 1000
Eastern Baltic Coast:
Baltic Tribes
Baltic Tribes (Index)
Dorpat / Tartu
Estonia (Eesti)
Latvia (Latvija)
Lithuania (Lietuva)
Ösel-Wiek / Saaremaa and Läänemaa
Prussia
Samogitia (Zemaitija)
Vindi
Kvenland (of the Kainu)
Principality of Gersik
Principality of Koknese
RELATED LINKS: Map of Baltic Tribes AD 1000
Churches of Estonia An index of churches in Estonia, which are low in number but high in uniqueness.
Northern Crusade Period:
Livonian Order
Teutonic Knights
Courland (Kurland / Kurzeme)
Culm (Chelmno)
Dorpat
Ermland
Estonia
Lithuania
Livonia
Ösel-Wiek
Österland (Kvenland / Finland)
Pomesania
Reval (Tallinn)
Samland (Sambia)
Warmia
Archbishopric of Riga / Prince-Bishops of Livonia
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Castles A growing collection of photobox pages featuring castles in Britain & Europe.
Polish / Swedish Period:
Elders of Samogitia
Duchy of East Prussia
Polish Governors of Livonia
Duchy of Courland & Semigallia
Duchy of Ösel
Swedish Governors of Estonia / Duchy of Estonia
Grand Duchy of Finland (Kvenland)
Swedish Prussia
Swedish Governors-General of Livonia
Latgallia / Polish Livonia
Swedish Governors of Ösel
Russian / Modern Period:
Russian Governors of Estonia
Russian Governors of Livonia
Russian Baltic Provinces
Russian Governors of Courland
Russian Governors of Lithuania
Russian Grand Duchy of Finland
Modern Estonia
Modern Finland
Modern Kaliningrad
Modern Latvia
Modern Lithuania
EASTERN EUROPE
Early Peoples:
Uralics
Finno Ugric & Samoyed Tribes (Index)
Turkic Tribes (Index)
Alans (Alani / Alauni)
Altyn Ola Horde
Barsils
Belendzhers
Bulgars
Cimmerians
Geloni
Huns
Kutrigurs
Magyars
Spali
Utigurs
Venedi (Early Belgae)
RELATED LINKS: Map of Eastern Europe AD 450-500 Map of Eastern Europe AD 632-665 Map of Frankish Empire AD 800 Map of Eastern Europe AD 862-882 Map of Baltic Tribes AD 1000 Map of Eastern Europe AD 1054-1132
Early States:
Great Bulgaria
Kiev
Polotsk
Vladimir
RELATED LINKS: Map of Eastern Europe AD 632-665 Map of Eastern Europe AD 862-882
Countries & States:
Albania:
(Second) Kingdom of Albania
(Third) Kingdom of Albania
Modern Albania
Armenia:
Kingdom of Armenia (Artashesids)
Kingdom of Armenia (Arsacids)
Kingdom of Armenia Sophene
Kingdom of Lesser Armenia
Kingdom of Lesser Armenia (Erzindjan)
Kingdom of Greater Armenia (Persarmenia)
Marzban Persian Governors of Armenia
Persian Marzban of Dwin
Persian Marzban of Eastern Armenia
Governors of Western Armenia
Governors of Western Armenia (Reunified)
Principality of Armenia
Kingdom of Greater Armenia (Bagratids)
Eastern Armenia
Modern Armenia
Azerbaijan:
Modern Azerbaijan
Belarus:
Bosnia:
Kingdom of Bosnia
Bulgaria:
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Empire of Bulgaria
Cometupoli Western Bulgarian State
Asens of Bulgaria
Terters of Bulgaria
Principality of Bulgaria
Modern Bulgaria
Caucuses:
Armenia
Georgia
Alans of the Caucuses
Kingdom of Alania
Modern Georgia
Modern Ossetia (Alania)
RELATED LINKS: Map of Eastern Europe AD 450-500
Crimea:
Khans of the Crimea
Croatia:
Dukes of Croatia
Kingdom of Croatia
Modern Croatia
Georgia:
Kingdom of Kolkis (Colchis / Qulha)
Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli)
Kingdom of Egrisi (Kolkis / Lazica)
Kingdom of Abasgia (Abkhazia)
Kingdom of Georgia
Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakhetia
Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (Georgia)
Kingdom of Imeretia
Hungary:
March of Pannonia / Principality of Balaton
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary & Croatia
Modern Hungary
Transylvania
Moldavia:
Moldavia & Bessarabia
Phanaroits (Tax Farmer Princes)
Kingdom of Rumania with Bessarabia & Moldavia
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Moldova (with Transnistria)
Monte Negro:
Principality of Monte Negro
Modern Montenegro
Romania:
Principality of Moldavia
Principality of Transylvania
Principality of Wallachia
Phanaroits (Tax Farmer Princes) in Moldavia
Phanaroits (Tax Farmer Princes) in Wallachia
Kingdom of Rumania (Hohenzollern)
Modern Romania
Russia:
Grand Dukes of Moscow State
Czarate of all the Russias
Romanov Czars of the Russias
Soviet Russia
Modern Russia
Serbia:
Kingdom of Serbia
Empire of Serbia
Principality of Serbia
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Modern Serbia
Slovenia:
Margraves of Slovenia
Ukraine:
Grand Principality of Kiev
Modern Ukraine
RELATED LINKS: Map of Eastern Europe AD 862-882 Map of Eastern Europe AD 1054-1132
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
Crete:
Early Minoan Crete
Middle Minoan Crete
Late Minoan Crete
Achaean (Mycenaean) Crete
Cyprus:
Akrotiri Culture
Khirokitia Culture
Sotira Culture
Erimi Culture
Philia Culture
Late Bronze Period
Kingdom of Alashiya / Alasiya (Enkomi)
Kingdom of Salamis
Christian Kingdom of Cyprus
Colonial Cyprus (Ottoman / British)
Modern Cyprus
Mycenaean Greece:
Ahhiyawa (Ahhiya)
Athens
Corinth (Ephyra)
Iolkos
Laconia (Lacedaemon)
Mycenae
Pelasgians
Phthia
Thrace
Dark Age Greek Tribes:
Amantes
Chaonians
Macedonians
Molossians
Thesprotians
Classical / Hellenic Greece:
Corinth
Epirus
Laconia
Argead Kings of Macedonia
Great Kings of Macedonia
Antipatrid Kings of Macedonia
Antigonid Kings of Macedonia
Sparta
Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace
Tribal Kingdom of the Bessoi
Argead Dynasty
Lysimachian Empire
Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace (Restored)
Tribal Kingdom of the Canites
Tribal Kingdom of the Odrissae
Tribal Kingdom of Astean
Kingdom of Sapes
Magna Graecia States (Index)
Mycenaean or Greek States in Asia Minor (Index)
Greek Empire Satraps (Index)
Celtic Tribes of Eastern Mediterranean (Index)
Roman (Byzantine) Greece:
Macedonia & Thrace
Dynasty of Theodosius
Dynasty of Leo
Dynasty of Justinian
Dynasty of Heraclius
Isaurian (Iconoclastic) Dynasty
End of the Isaurian / Nicophoran Dynasty
Phrygian Dynasty
Macedonian Dynasty
Prelude to the Comnenian Dynasty
Dynasty of the Comneni
Dynasty of the Angeli
Eastern Roman Emperors In Nicæa
Rival Eastern Emperors In Trebizond
Rival Eastern Emperors In Epirus
Latin Emperors At Constantinople
Dynasty of the Palæologus
Despots of Morea
Dynasty of the Palæologus (Continued)
Fourth Crusade States
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Duchy of Athens
Principality of Achaia
Later Greece:
Kingdom of Greece
Modern Greece
Later Asia Minor:
Ottoman Empire
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